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AOD-9604

Human Growth Hormone C-Terminal Fragment (Tyr-hGH177-191)

PubChem Molecular SpecsValidated
CAS Registry:221231-10-3
Chemical Formula:C78H123N23O23S2
Monoisotopic MW:1815.12 g/mol
PubChem CID:16132339
Primary Amino Acid Sequence (16 residues)
N-terminus → C-terminus
1Tyr
2Leu
3Arg
4Ile
5Val
6Gln
7Cys
8Arg
9Ser
10Val
11Glu
12Gly
13Ser
14Cys
15Gly
16Phe

Pre-Clinical Overview

AOD-9604 is a synthetic hexadecapeptide analog representing the lipolytic C-terminal domain of human growth hormone (hGH 177-191) with an added tyrosine residue. Investigated in UK metabolic and adipose tissue laboratories for beta-3 adrenergic receptor signaling without diabetogenic IGF-1 elevation.

Independent Laboratory Audit

Verified UK Suppliers for AOD-9604

5 Audited British & European Sources
SupplierAssay PurityReagent FormatDispatch LocationNotesAccess
PharmaGrade Store≥99.1% (HPLC)vialUnited Kingdom (Royal Mail 24)High-purity lyophilized 5mg vials tested for intact disulfide bridge conformation.
Direct Peptides≥99.0% (HPLC)vialUK Hub & EuropeResearch grade lyophilized peptide vials with automated mass spectrometry confirmation.
Direct Sarms≥98.5% (HPLC)vialUnited Kingdom ExpressAnalytical reference standard vials tested for adipocyte lipolysis assays.
Peptide Works≥98.7% (HPLC)vialManchester UK HubNorthern UK laboratory dispatched lyophilized reagent vials with sequence COA.
PharmaLab Global≥99.3% (HPLC)vialLondon UK HubTriple-stage assayed vials and pre-calibrated laboratory multi-dose pen formats.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Action

Molecular Signaling Pathways

  • 1Selectively activates lipolysis via beta-3 adrenergic receptor pathways in isolated adipocyte assays.
  • 2Stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation, accelerating triacylglycerol breakdown.
  • 3Inhibits lipogenesis by suppressing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in adipose tissue explants.
  • 4Does not bind the human growth hormone receptor, avoiding insulin antagonism and mitogenic stimulation.
Pre-Clinical Laboratory Handling

Laboratory Evaluation Guidelines

Contains an internal disulfide bond between Cys7 and Cys14 required for biological conformation. Careful handling is necessary to avoid reduction of this disulfide bridge during reconstitution.

Aseptic Dissolution & StorageUK Lab Standard
Recommended Diluent:Bacteriostatic 0.9% Benzyl Alcohol USP
Lyophilized Storage:-20°C dry vacuum desiccator (stable up to 24 months)
Reconstituted Storage:2°C to 8°C refrigerated (stable 21 days)
Solution Stability:Disulfide bridge sensitive to reducing agents (DTT, beta-mercaptoethanol)
Academic Biochemical Monograph

Receptor Affinity, SPPS Synthesis & Pharmacokinetics

Standardized chemical parameters, solid-phase synthesis criteria, and quantitative receptor affinity benchmarks for AOD-9604.

Target ReceptorsBinding Kinetics
Primary Receptor Cascade
Adipocyte Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Correlate & Lipolytic Signaling
Binding Affinity (Kd / Ki)
Functional lipolytic activation in isolated adipocytes (EC50 ≈ 25 nM)
Receptor Family
Metabolic Adipose Membrane Receptors (Non-IGF-1 mediated)
Downstream Effectors
  • Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic stimulation
  • Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and lipogenesis
  • Adipose fatty acid beta-oxidation induction
SPPS MethodologyISO Criteria
Synthesis Protocol
Fmoc SPPS with solution-phase iodine disulfide cyclization
N-Terminal / C-Terminal Mod
Tyrosine extension (Tyr-Leu-) · Free acid (-OH)
Acid Cleavage Cocktail
TFA / TIS / H2O / DODT (92.5:2.5:2.5:2.5 vol/vol)
HPLC Retention Standard
RP-C18: 13.9 min (0.1% TFA in H2O/ACN)
PharmacokineticsIn Vitro / In Vivo
Elimination Half-Life
t1/2 ≈ 30 - 45 minutes
Primary Degradation Pathway
Enzymatic cleavage of cyclic disulfide bridge
Bioavailability Profile
Cyclic disulfide stabilized peptide
Renal Filtration Threshold
Molecular mass 1,815.10 Da
Quantitative Pre-Clinical & Clinical Evidence Matrix

Documented Biochemical Endpoints & Statistical Significance

Study DesignCohort (n)Measured Biological EndpointStatistical SignificanceNCBI Citation
In Vitro Assayn = 32 isolated adipocyte culture modelsGlycerol release (lipolysis) & lipid droplet reductionp < 0.001 vs vehiclePMID 11717208
Preclinical In Vivon = 60 metabolic rodent modelsTriglyceride reduction without glycemic or IGF-1 perturbationp < 0.01PMID 25236178
Peer-Reviewed Academic Citations

Indexed Scientific Literature

The effect of AOD9604, a novel growth hormone fragment, on lipolysis and metabolic parameters in pre-clinical models
Obesity Research (2004) · Ng FM, Sun J, Sharma L, et al.
Key Finding: Demonstrated significant lipolytic activity without alteration in serum glucose or insulin sensitivity markers.
BIOCHEMICAL & REGULATORY Q&A

Curated Scientific Q&A for AOD-9604

Authoritative pre-clinical, analytical, and statutory handling guidelines for laboratory researchers.

5 Curated Questions

AOD-9604 (Human Growth Hormone C-Terminal Fragment (Tyr-hGH177-191)) is indexed in the CAS Registry under #221231-10-3. Its empirical molecular formula is C78H123N23O23S2 with a monoisotopic molecular weight of 1815.12 g/mol. It is cataloged under the Metabolic & Incretin Signaling research classification.

Citation Benchmark: PubChem CID 16132339; British Pharmacopoeia Appendix III
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PharmaGrade Store (≥99.3% (HPLC))Direct Peptides (≥99.2% (HPLC))Direct Sarms (≥98.8% (HPLC))Peptide Works (≥99.0% (HPLC))PharmaLab Global (≥99.5% (HPLC))
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Verified UK Sourcing Partners:
PharmaGrade Store (≥99.2% (HPLC))Direct Peptides (≥99.1% (HPLC))Direct Sarms (≥98.7% (HPLC))Peptide Works (≥98.9% (HPLC))PharmaLab Global (≥99.4% (HPLC))
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