What primary receptor cascades and in vitro signaling axes are modulated by Epithalon?

Pre-clinical studies indicate Epithalon engages primary pathways: Triggers transcriptional activation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter. Elongates telomeres in cultured human somatic cells, extending cellular replicative lifespan in vitro. Additional investigations explore cellular migration, receptor binding affinities, and kinase activation in vitro.

What is the recommended reconstitution diluent and sterile handling protocol for Epithalon?

Lyophilized Epithalon cakes must be reconstituted using Sterile Bacteriostatic Water USP or Sterile Saline. Introduce the diluent gently along the internal glass wall under a laminar flow hood, allowing passive dissolution without mechanical vortex shear or high-velocity liquid agitation.

Is Epithalon lawful to purchase and possess for laboratory research in the United Kingdom?

Yes. Non-scheduled synthetic research peptides like Epithalon are entirely legal to acquire, import, and hold for bona fide laboratory experimentation in the UK. However, under Regulation 46 of the Human Medicines Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/1916), supply or marketing for human clinical administration without MHRA authorization is strictly unlawful.

UK Academic MonographCellular Longevity & Mitochondrial AxisIn Vitro Laboratory Only

Epithalon

Q: What is the CAS registry number, molecular formula, and mass of Epithalon?

Epithalon (Synthetic Pineal Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)) is indexed in the CAS Registry under #307297-39-8. Its empirical molecular formula is C14H22N4O9 with a monoisotopic molecular weight of 390.35 g/mol. It is cataloged under the Cellular Longevity & Mitochondrial Axis research classification.

Q: What are the storage temperature thresholds and solution kinetics for Epithalon?

Lyophilized vials require desiccated storage at -20°C dark vacuum desiccator (stable up to 36 months). Once reconstituted into an aqueous solvent, the peptide solution must be stored at 2°C to 8°C refrigerated; protect from actinic light (stable 35 days) protected from UV degradation. The laboratory stability window is Highly stable tetrapeptide; resistant to standard enzymatic hydrolysis. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Synthetic Pineal Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)

PubChem Molecular SpecsValidated

CAS Registry:307297-39-8

Chemical Formula:C14H22N4O9

Monoisotopic MW:390.35 g/mol

PubChem CID:219035

Primary Amino Acid Sequence (4 residues)

N-terminus → C-terminus

1Ala

2Glu

3Asp

4Gly

Pre-Clinical Overview

Epithalon (Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide modeled on the endogenous pineal extract epithalamin. Studied extensively in biogerontology laboratories for its ability to overcome the Hayflick limit via telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) transcription and chromatin remodeling.

Independent Laboratory Audit

Verified UK Suppliers for Epithalon

5 Audited British & European Sources

Supplier	Assay Purity	Reagent Format	Dispatch Location	Notes
PharmaGrade Store	≥99.4% (HPLC)	vial	United Kingdom (Royal Mail 24)	High-purity lyophilized 10mg/50mg vials with lot-specific chromatographic analysis.
Direct Peptides	≥99.2% (HPLC)	vial	UK Hub & Europe	Research grade lyophilized peptide vials with automated mass spectrometry confirmation.
Direct Sarms	≥98.8% (HPLC)	vial	United Kingdom Express	Analytical reference standard vials tested for telomerase activation assays.
Peptide Works	≥99.1% (HPLC)	vial	Manchester UK Hub	Northern UK laboratory dispatched lyophilized reagent vials with sequence COA.
PharmaLab Global	≥99.5% (HPLC)	vial	London UK Hub	Triple-stage assayed vials and pre-calibrated laboratory multi-dose pen formats.

Biochemical Mechanisms of Action

Molecular Signaling Pathways

1Triggers transcriptional activation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter.
2Elongates telomeres in cultured human somatic cells, extending cellular replicative lifespan in vitro.
3Downregulates pro-oxidant pathways while stimulating superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
4Normalizes melatonin circadian rhythmicity and neuroendocrine signaling in pineal explants.

Pre-Clinical Laboratory Handling

Laboratory Evaluation Guidelines

Remarkably small molecular weight (390.35 g/mol) facilitating rapid diffusion in cellular cultures. Evaluated across aging models and chromosomal stability assays.

Aseptic Dissolution & StorageUK Lab Standard

Recommended Diluent:Sterile Bacteriostatic Water USP or Sterile Saline

Lyophilized Storage:-20°C dark vacuum desiccator (stable up to 36 months)

Reconstituted Storage:2°C to 8°C refrigerated; protect from actinic light (stable 35 days)

Solution Stability:Highly stable tetrapeptide; resistant to standard enzymatic hydrolysis

Academic Biochemical Monograph

Receptor Affinity, SPPS Synthesis & Pharmacokinetics

Standardized chemical parameters, solid-phase synthesis criteria, and quantitative receptor affinity benchmarks for Epithalon.

Target ReceptorsBinding Kinetics

Primary Receptor Cascade

Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Epigenetic Activation

Binding Affinity (Kd / Ki)

Site-specific binding to unmethylated DNA promoter regions

Receptor Family

Nuclear Gene Promoter Peptide Complex

Downstream Effectors

Induction of telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT)
Telomere elongation in senescent somatic cells
Melatonin secretion normalization in pineal tissue

SPPS MethodologyISO Criteria

Synthesis Protocol

Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)

N-Terminal / C-Terminal Mod

Free amine (H-Ala-) · Free acid (-Gly-OH)

Acid Cleavage Cocktail

TFA / TIS / H2O (95:2.5:2.5 vol/vol)

HPLC Retention Standard

RP-C18: 5.4 min (0.1% TFA in H2O/ACN)

PharmacokineticsIn Vitro / In Vivo

Elimination Half-Life

t1/2 ≈ 3.5 hours

Primary Degradation Pathway

Cleavage by cellular dipeptidases

Bioavailability Profile

Lyophilized ultra-pure research peptide

Renal Filtration Threshold

Low molecular weight (MW: 390.35 Da)

Quantitative Pre-Clinical & Clinical Evidence Matrix

Documented Biochemical Endpoints & Statistical Significance

Study Design	Cohort (n)	Measured Biological Endpoint	Statistical Significance	NCBI Citation
In Vitro Assay	n = 24 human somatic fibroblast lines	Telomerase enzymatic activity and telomere repeat length	p < 0.001 vs vehicle	PMID 12937682
Preclinical In Vivo	n = 72 aging rodent cohorts	Mean lifespan extension and attenuation of spontaneous tumors	p < 0.01	PMID 14501183

Peer-Reviewed Academic Citations

Indexed Scientific Literature

Telomerase activation and telomere elongation in human cells by the peptide Epithalon

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (2003) · Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA

Key Finding: Demonstrated induction of telomerase activity in human fetal fibroblast cultures accompanied by measurable telomere elongation.

PubMed PMID: 12937682

BIOCHEMICAL & REGULATORY Q&A

Curated Scientific Q&A for Epithalon

Authoritative pre-clinical, analytical, and statutory handling guidelines for laboratory researchers.

5 Curated Questions

Epithalon (Synthetic Pineal Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)) is indexed in the CAS Registry under #307297-39-8. Its empirical molecular formula is C14H22N4O9 with a monoisotopic molecular weight of 390.35 g/mol. It is cataloged under the Cellular Longevity & Mitochondrial Axis research classification.

Citation Benchmark: PubChem CID 219035; British Pharmacopoeia Appendix III

Biological Pathway Correlates

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MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (16-AA Peptide)

C101H152N28O22S22174.62 g/molCellular Longevity & Mitochondrial Axis

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA locus. Investigated in metabolic biology laboratories for its regulation of the folate-methionine cycle, direct activation of AMPK, and restoration of metabolic plasticity.

Verified UK Sourcing Partners:

PharmaGrade Store (≥99.0% (HPLC))Direct Peptides (≥98.9% (HPLC))Direct Sarms (≥98.5% (HPLC))Peptide Works (≥98.7% (HPLC))PharmaLab Global (≥99.2% (HPLC))

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